When building MCP integrations, one of the first decisions you'll face is whether to run your server locally or deploy it remotely. Each approach has distinct advantages and trade-offs. Before diving in, make sure you understand what MCP is and the underlying architecture. Let's explore both options in depth.

Understanding the Difference

Local MCP Servers run on the same machine as the MCP host (like Claude Desktop). They communicate via STDIO (standard input/output) and are spawned as child processes.

Remote MCP Servers run on external infrastructure and communicate via HTTP (specifically, the Streamable HTTP transport). They're accessible over the network.

Local MCP Servers

How They Work

1. MCP host spawns server as a child process
2. Messages sent via stdin/stdout
3. Server has direct access to local resources
4. Process lifecycle managed by host

Advantages

Zero Network Latency:
Communication happens through process pipes — no network round trips, no HTTP overhead.

Direct System Access:

// Local server can access filesystem directly
const content = await fs.readFile('/home/user/documents/file.txt');

Offline Capability:
Works without internet connection — perfect for air-gapped environments or travel.

Simple Security Model:
Server runs with user's permissions. No authentication needed; the host trusts the local process.

Easy Development:

Just run your server directly

node my-server.js
Or use the inspector

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector node my-server.js

Disadvantages

Single Client:
Each local server instance serves one MCP host. Multiple hosts mean multiple processes.

Resource Overhead:
Each server is a separate process consuming memory and CPU.

No Sharing:
Can't easily share a server across machines or users.

Deployment Complexity:
Must be installed on every machine where it's needed.

Best Use Cases

Remote MCP Servers

How They Work

1. Server runs on external infrastructure (cloud, on-prem server)
2. Communication via HTTP POST and Server-Sent Events
3. Multiple clients can connect simultaneously
4. Server maintains persistent state

Advantages

Multi-Client Support:
One server instance serves many users:

// Remote server can handle concurrent connections
server.onConnection((client) => {
  console.log(New client connected: ${client.id});
});

Centralized Management:

Scalability:

                    ┌─────────────┐
Client A ─────────► │             │
Client B ─────────► │   Remote    │ ─────► Database
Client C ─────────► │   Server    │ ─────► APIs
                    └─────────────┘

Team Collaboration:
Shared servers enable shared tools, configurations, and data access.

Enterprise Integration:
Easier to integrate with corporate infrastructure:

Disadvantages

Network Dependency:
Requires stable internet connection. Latency affects user experience.

Security Complexity:
Must implement:

Operational Overhead:
Need to manage:

Cost:
Hosting and bandwidth costs for high-traffic servers.

Best Use Cases

Feature Comparison

| Feature | Local | Remote |
|---------|-------|--------|
| Latency | Minimal | Network-dependent |
| Offline | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Multi-client | ❌ No | ✅ Yes |
| Local file access | ✅ Direct | ❌ Via APIs |
| Setup complexity | Low | Higher |
| Authentication | Not needed | Required |
| Scalability | Per-machine | Centralized |
| Updates | Per-installation | Single deployment |

Hybrid Approaches

You're not limited to one or the other. Consider hybrid architectures:

Local Gateway, Remote Services

Claude Desktop
     │
     ▼
Local MCP Server ────► Remote APIs
     │                 Remote Databases
     ▼                 Cloud Services
Local Files

A local server handles file operations and acts as a gateway to remote services.

Federated Servers

                     ┌──► Local filesystem server
Claude Desktop ─────►├──► Remote team server
                     └──► Remote SaaS server

Connect to multiple servers, each optimized for its purpose.

Caching Proxy

Claude Desktop ──► Local Cache Server ──► Remote Server
                         │
                         ▼
                   Local Cache

Local server caches remote responses for faster access and offline capability.

Implementation Considerations

For Local Servers

Process Management:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "my-local-server": {
      "command": "node",
      "args": ["server.js"],
      "env": {
        "HOME": "/home/user"
      }
    }
  }
}

Graceful Shutdown:

process.on('SIGTERM', async () => {
  await cleanup();
  process.exit(0);
});

For Remote Servers

Authentication:

import { createOAuthClient } from 'mcp-oauth';
server.use(createOAuthClient({
  clientId: process.env.OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
  clientSecret: process.env.OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET,
}));

Health Checks:

app.get('/health', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ status: 'healthy', version: '1.0.0' });
});

Rate Limiting:

import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit';
app.use(rateLimit({
  windowMs: 15  60  1000, // 15 minutes
  max: 100, // limit each IP to 100 requests per window
}));

Making the Decision

Choose Local When:

Choose Remote When:

Choose Hybrid When:

Conclusion

There's no universal "best" approach — the right choice depends on your specific requirements. Local servers excel at personal tools and direct system access, while remote servers shine for collaboration and enterprise use cases.

Many successful MCP deployments use both: local servers for immediate, private operations and remote servers for shared capabilities. Understanding the trade-offs helps you architect solutions that serve your users best.

Ready to start building? Check out our guide to building your first MCP server and learn about security best practices to keep your deployment safe.